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+/* boost random/detail/const_mod.hpp header file
+ *
+ * Copyright Jens Maurer 2000-2001
+ * Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See
+ * accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+ * http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+ *
+ * See http://www.boost.org for most recent version including documentation.
+ *
+ * $Id: const_mod.hpp 58649 2010-01-02 21:23:17Z steven_watanabe $
+ *
+ * Revision history
+ *  2001-02-18  moved to individual header files
+ */
+
+#ifndef BOOST_RANDOM_CONST_MOD_HPP
+#define BOOST_RANDOM_CONST_MOD_HPP
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <boost/static_assert.hpp>
+#include <boost/cstdint.hpp>
+#include <boost/integer_traits.hpp>
+#include <boost/detail/workaround.hpp>
+
+#include <boost/random/detail/disable_warnings.hpp>
+
+namespace boost {
+namespace random {
+
+/*
+ * Some random number generators require modular arithmetic.  Put
+ * everything we need here.
+ * IntType must be an integral type.
+ */
+
+namespace detail {
+
+  template<bool is_signed>
+  struct do_add
+  { };
+
+  template<>
+  struct do_add<true>
+  {
+    template<class IntType>
+    static IntType add(IntType m, IntType x, IntType c)
+    {
+      if (x < m - c)
+        return x + c;
+      else
+        return x - (m-c);
+    }
+  };
+
+  template<>
+  struct do_add<false>
+  {
+    template<class IntType>
+    static IntType add(IntType, IntType, IntType)
+    {
+      // difficult
+      assert(!"const_mod::add with c too large");
+      return 0;
+    }
+  };
+} // namespace detail
+
+#if !(defined(__BORLANDC__) && (__BORLANDC__ == 0x560))
+
+template<class IntType, IntType m>
+class const_mod
+{
+public:
+  static IntType add(IntType x, IntType c)
+  {
+    if(c == 0)
+      return x;
+    else if(c <= traits::const_max - m)    // i.e. m+c < max
+      return add_small(x, c);
+    else
+      return detail::do_add<traits::is_signed>::add(m, x, c);
+  }
+
+  static IntType mult(IntType a, IntType x)
+  {
+    if(a == 1)
+      return x;
+    else if(m <= traits::const_max/a)      // i.e. a*m <= max
+      return mult_small(a, x);
+    else if(traits::is_signed && (m%a < m/a))
+      return mult_schrage(a, x);
+    else {
+      // difficult
+      assert(!"const_mod::mult with a too large");
+      return 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  static IntType mult_add(IntType a, IntType x, IntType c)
+  {
+    if(m <= (traits::const_max-c)/a)   // i.e. a*m+c <= max
+      return (a*x+c) % m;
+    else
+      return add(mult(a, x), c);
+  }
+
+  static IntType invert(IntType x)
+  { return x == 0 ? 0 : invert_euclidian(x); }
+
+private:
+  typedef integer_traits<IntType> traits;
+
+  const_mod();      // don't instantiate
+
+  static IntType add_small(IntType x, IntType c)
+  {
+    x += c;
+    if(x >= m)
+      x -= m;
+    return x;
+  }
+
+  static IntType mult_small(IntType a, IntType x)
+  {
+    return a*x % m;
+  }
+
+  static IntType mult_schrage(IntType a, IntType value)
+  {
+    const IntType q = m / a;
+    const IntType r = m % a;
+
+    assert(r < q);        // check that overflow cannot happen
+
+    value = a*(value%q) - r*(value/q);
+    // An optimizer bug in the SGI MIPSpro 7.3.1.x compiler requires this
+    // convoluted formulation of the loop (Synge Todo)
+    for(;;) {
+      if (value > 0)
+        break;
+      value += m;
+    }
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  // invert c in the finite field (mod m) (m must be prime)
+  static IntType invert_euclidian(IntType c)
+  {
+    // we are interested in the gcd factor for c, because this is our inverse
+    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(m > 0);
+#if BOOST_WORKAROUND(__MWERKS__, BOOST_TESTED_AT(0x3003))
+    assert(boost::integer_traits<IntType>::is_signed);
+#elif !defined(BOOST_NO_LIMITS_COMPILE_TIME_CONSTANTS)
+    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(boost::integer_traits<IntType>::is_signed);
+#endif
+    assert(c > 0);
+    IntType l1 = 0;
+    IntType l2 = 1;
+    IntType n = c;
+    IntType p = m;
+    for(;;) {
+      IntType q = p / n;
+      l1 -= q * l2;           // this requires a signed IntType!
+      p -= q * n;
+      if(p == 0)
+        return (l2 < 1 ? l2 + m : l2);
+      IntType q2 = n / p;
+      l2 -= q2 * l1;
+      n -= q2 * p;
+      if(n == 0)
+        return (l1 < 1 ? l1 + m : l1);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+// The modulus is exactly the word size: rely on machine overflow handling.
+// Due to a GCC bug, we cannot partially specialize in the presence of
+// template value parameters.
+template<>
+class const_mod<unsigned int, 0>
+{
+  typedef unsigned int IntType;
+public:
+  static IntType add(IntType x, IntType c) { return x+c; }
+  static IntType mult(IntType a, IntType x) { return a*x; }
+  static IntType mult_add(IntType a, IntType x, IntType c) { return a*x+c; }
+
+  // m is not prime, thus invert is not useful
+private:                      // don't instantiate
+  const_mod();
+};
+
+template<>
+class const_mod<unsigned long, 0>
+{
+  typedef unsigned long IntType;
+public:
+  static IntType add(IntType x, IntType c) { return x+c; }
+  static IntType mult(IntType a, IntType x) { return a*x; }
+  static IntType mult_add(IntType a, IntType x, IntType c) { return a*x+c; }
+
+  // m is not prime, thus invert is not useful
+private:                      // don't instantiate
+  const_mod();
+};
+
+// the modulus is some power of 2: rely partly on machine overflow handling
+// we only specialize for rand48 at the moment
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_INT64_T
+template<>
+class const_mod<uint64_t, uint64_t(1) << 48>
+{
+  typedef uint64_t IntType;
+public:
+  static IntType add(IntType x, IntType c) { return c == 0 ? x : mod(x+c); }
+  static IntType mult(IntType a, IntType x) { return mod(a*x); }
+  static IntType mult_add(IntType a, IntType x, IntType c)
+    { return mod(a*x+c); }
+  static IntType mod(IntType x) { return x &= ((uint64_t(1) << 48)-1); }
+
+  // m is not prime, thus invert is not useful
+private:                      // don't instantiate
+  const_mod();
+};
+#endif /* !BOOST_NO_INT64_T */
+
+#else
+
+//
+// for some reason Borland C++ Builder 6 has problems with
+// the full specialisations of const_mod, define a generic version
+// instead, the compiler will optimise away the const-if statements:
+//
+
+template<class IntType, IntType m>
+class const_mod
+{
+public:
+  static IntType add(IntType x, IntType c)
+  {
+    if(0 == m)
+    {
+       return x+c;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+       if(c == 0)
+         return x;
+       else if(c <= traits::const_max - m)    // i.e. m+c < max
+         return add_small(x, c);
+       else
+         return detail::do_add<traits::is_signed>::add(m, x, c);
+    }
+  }
+
+  static IntType mult(IntType a, IntType x)
+  {
+    if(x == 0)
+    {
+       return a*x;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+       if(a == 1)
+         return x;
+       else if(m <= traits::const_max/a)      // i.e. a*m <= max
+         return mult_small(a, x);
+       else if(traits::is_signed && (m%a < m/a))
+         return mult_schrage(a, x);
+       else {
+         // difficult
+         assert(!"const_mod::mult with a too large");
+         return 0;
+       }
+    }
+  }
+
+  static IntType mult_add(IntType a, IntType x, IntType c)
+  {
+    if(m == 0)
+    {
+       return a*x+c;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+       if(m <= (traits::const_max-c)/a)   // i.e. a*m+c <= max
+         return (a*x+c) % m;
+       else
+         return add(mult(a, x), c);
+    }
+  }
+
+  static IntType invert(IntType x)
+  { return x == 0 ? 0 : invert_euclidian(x); }
+
+private:
+  typedef integer_traits<IntType> traits;
+
+  const_mod();      // don't instantiate
+
+  static IntType add_small(IntType x, IntType c)
+  {
+    x += c;
+    if(x >= m)
+      x -= m;
+    return x;
+  }
+
+  static IntType mult_small(IntType a, IntType x)
+  {
+    return a*x % m;
+  }
+
+  static IntType mult_schrage(IntType a, IntType value)
+  {
+    const IntType q = m / a;
+    const IntType r = m % a;
+
+    assert(r < q);        // check that overflow cannot happen
+
+    value = a*(value%q) - r*(value/q);
+    while(value <= 0)
+      value += m;
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  // invert c in the finite field (mod m) (m must be prime)
+  static IntType invert_euclidian(IntType c)
+  {
+    // we are interested in the gcd factor for c, because this is our inverse
+    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(m > 0);
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_LIMITS_COMPILE_TIME_CONSTANTS
+    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(boost::integer_traits<IntType>::is_signed);
+#endif
+    assert(c > 0);
+    IntType l1 = 0;
+    IntType l2 = 1;
+    IntType n = c;
+    IntType p = m;
+    for(;;) {
+      IntType q = p / n;
+      l1 -= q * l2;           // this requires a signed IntType!
+      p -= q * n;
+      if(p == 0)
+        return (l2 < 1 ? l2 + m : l2);
+      IntType q2 = n / p;
+      l2 -= q2 * l1;
+      n -= q2 * p;
+      if(n == 0)
+        return (l1 < 1 ? l1 + m : l1);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+
+#endif
+
+} // namespace random
+} // namespace boost
+
+#include <boost/random/detail/enable_warnings.hpp>
+
+#endif // BOOST_RANDOM_CONST_MOD_HPP